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Arc polarity
Arc polarity of the Eastern Pontides is an important issue for the circum-Mediterrane paleo-geodynamic reconstruction. Multimethods including petrology, geochemistry, and geophysics need to be used to figure it out. This project also involves the problem that when and how the Black Sea bain rifted and opened.
SCLM thinning
The sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) characterized by highly refractory compositions and high viscosity is generally proposed to be stable. While the average SCLM thickness beneath cratons and Phanerozoic terranes varies from ~210 to ~60 km, geophysical studies indicate a thickness of <30–50 km beneath the Eastern Anatolian Plateau (EAP) suggestive of a significant SCLM removal in this region. When and how the lithosphere destruction took place is a matter of much debate due to the limited understanding of the nature of SCLM before the Arabia-Eurasia collision.
Carbonate inclusions in olivine phenocrysts of Calatrava leucites (central Spain). Photos are from Lustrno et al. (2016 GCA)
Pseudocarbonatite vs. Limestone xenolith
The leucites and other ultrabasic-basic alkaline magmas in the Calatrava Volcanic Field (central Spain) have olivine phenocrysts with carbonate inclusions. Are they carbonatite, pseudocarbonatite, or sedimentary limestone xenoliths?
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